pergratus Latin · revision 34345

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la grātus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈɡraː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈɡraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pergrātus''' (feminine pergrāta, neuter pergrātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|grātus|t2=pleasing]], with the intensive prefix.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces the simple adjective to [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷr̥H-to-|t=praised (in a song)]], and compares [[osc|brateís|t=of grace]] and [[sa|गृणाति|tr=gr̥ṇā́ti|t=to praise, honour, welcome]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''De oratore'' tells of people saying that the Athenians had done them a great favour, ''pergratum … sibi fecisse''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL finds it mostly in Cicero, 36 times, 28 of them in the letters, with two instances in Livy and three in the letters of Pliny the Younger.^(TLL) It means very welcome or pleasing, as of a letter,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and is common in the phrase ''pergratum facere'', “to do a great favour”, as in ''pergratum mihi feceris, si …'', “you would do me a great kindness if …”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero also splits it by tmesis: ''per mihi, per, inquam, gratum feceris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it, mostly in his letters and in ''pergratum facere''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy uses it twice.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Very [[m|en|welcome]] or [[m|en|pleasing]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''pergratum facere'': to do a great [[m|en|favour]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}