superbio Latin · revision 34324

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=57/46–12 BC, Propertius|origins=la superbus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊˈpɛr.bi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [suˈpɛr.bi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''superbiō''' (present infinitive superbīre); fourth conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|superbus|-iō|t1=proud, haughty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan treats [[m|la|superbus]] together with [[m|la|probus|t=excellent, good]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*pro-f(w)-o-|t=favourable]]; since [[m|la|superbus]] is not found in Sabellic and works as an antonym of [[m|la|probus|alt=probus]], he suggests it was formed within Latin, and notes that de Lamberterie compares [[grc|ὑπέρφευ|tr=hupérpheu|t=excessively]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A reading ''superbis'' in Cicero's ''Academica'' is doubtful, and editors print ''superbe'' there,^(Lewis & Short 1879) so the first secure instance is in Propertius, who hopes that Umbria will be proud of his books: ''ut nostris tumefacta superbiat Umbria libris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Usually with an ablative, it means to take pride in something, plume oneself on it, as Ovid's bird proud of its beauty, Phaedrus, Pliny the Elder and Tacitus have it, and things too may ''superbire''.^(OLD 2012) With an infinitive Statius uses it for disdaining to do something.^(OLD 2012) Propertius also has it of things that display a gorgeous appearance.^(OLD 2012) Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the senses be proud, haughty, insolent.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of Umbria proud of his books and of a splendid display.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a bird proud of its beauty.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius has it with an infinitive, “to disdain to”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|proud]] or [[m|en|haughty]]; to take pride in, plume oneself on (with an ablative or ''quod'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|disdain]] to, be too proud to (with an infinitive).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To display a [[m|en|gorgeous]] appearance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[superbē]]

+ * [[superbia]]

+ * [[superbiter]]

+ * [[superbus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}