somnio Latin · revision 34318

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la somnium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsɔm.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɔm.ni.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''somniō''' (present infinitive somniāre, perfect active somniāvī, supine somniātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ A deponent ''somnior'' is found in Petronius and Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|somnium|-ō|t1=dream]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|somnium]] and [[m|la|somnus|t=sleep]] from [[itc-pro|*swe/opnjo-|t=dream]] and [[m|itc-pro|*swe/opno-|t=sleep]], from [[ine-pro|*suépno-|t=sleep]]; the noun may continue an Indo-European derivative in ⟨*-io-⟩ or have been formed within Latin.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates include [[sa|स्वप्न|tr=svápna-|t=sleep, dream]], [[grc|ὕπνος|tr=húpnos|t=sleep]] and [[lt|sãpnas|t=dream]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found first in Plautus,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) who has ''mirum atque inscitum somniavi somnium'', “I have dreamed a strange and absurd dream”, and the question ''quis somniavit aurum?'', “who dreamed of gold?”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is to dream, often with a cognate object (''somnium somniare'') or with ''de''; with an accusative it is to see in a dream, dream of, and Ennius already has it with an accusative and infinitive, ''videbar somniare med ego esse mortuum'', “I seemed to dream that I was dead”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a negative context it means to have not the remotest idea of something.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus on it is also used of someone who talks wildly, to indulge in idle fancies or daydream, especially in ''vigilans somniare'' and ''astans somniare'', “to dream while awake, on one's feet”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of the fancies of philosophers who ''somniant'' rather than reason.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to dream.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of dreaming and of talking wild nonsense.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has it with an accusative and infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in ''On Divination''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius has the deponent form.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|dream]]; to see in a dream, dream of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # In a negative context, to have the remotest [[m|en|conception]] of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To indulge in idle fancies, [[m|en|daydream]], talk [[m|en|nonsense]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''vigilans somniare'', to dream while awake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To have delusions or idle thoughts about.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[somniātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[somniālis]]

+ * [[somniāliter]]

+ * [[somniculōsē]]

+ * [[somniculōsus]]

+ * [[somnifer]]

+ * [[somnificus]]

+ * [[somniger]]

+ * [[somniōsus]]

+ * [[somnium]]

+ * [[somnulentia]]

+ * [[somnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}