cudo Latin · revision 3431

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kuh₂-d-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkuː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cūdō''' (present infinitive cūdere, perfect active cūdī, supine cūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kūd-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kuh₂-d-e/o-|t=to hit]].^(de Vaan 2008) The /ū/ is a problem: it is often explained as the regular reduction of /au/ in the compounds such as [[excudo|alt=excūdō]], carried over to the simple verb, but Schrijver objects that the simple verb is attested too early and derives it from *keuh₂-dʰō.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[lt|káuti|t=to hit]], [[cu|ковати|tr=kovati|t=to forge]], [[goh|houwan|t=to hew]] and the Tocharian verbs for “to kill”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who calls someone “you who coin leaden money”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to beat or strike, and in farming to thresh, as in Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From this it meant to make by beating: to hammer out a ring, forge metal, and strike coins, as in Terence's “I'm coining the money to give you”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Terence's proverb “this bean will be threshed on me” meant “I'll have to pay for it”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

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+ It was rare and mostly early Latin and later prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its derivative [[incus|alt=incūs]] meant “anvil”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of coining money.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of coining money and in a proverb.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it in the sense “to strike”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of threshing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To beat, strike, [[m|en|hammer]]; to [[m|en|thresh]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To forge, hammer out; to stamp, [[m|en|coin]] (money).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accudo]]

+ * [[cusio]]

+ * [[cuso]]

+ * [[cusor]]

+ * [[excūdō]]

+ * [[incūdō]]

+ * [[incūsus]]

+ * [[percudo]]

+ * [[prōcūdō]]

+ * [[subscūs]]

+ * [[incūs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cauda]]

+ * [[caudex]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different word ''cūdo'', ''cūdōnis'', is a helmet of skin in Silius Italicus, of uncertain origin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}