machinamentum Latin · revision 34305

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna|origins=grc μαχανά}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''māchināmentum''' ''n'' (genitive māchināmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|māchinor|-mentum|t1=to devise, contrive]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) and that verb is made from [[m|la|māchina|t=machine, contrivance]].^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary takes [[m|la|māchina]] as a very early borrowing from [[grc|μαχανά|tr=makhaná|t=machine, tool]], the Doric form of [[m|grc|μηχανή|tr=mēkhanḗ]], early enough for the unstressed /a/ to be reduced to /i/.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD and Köbler find it first in the historian Sisenna,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) who lists catapults, missiles and many kinds of siege engines.^(OLD 2012) The sense is an engine of war.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Livy and Tacitus use it of siege engines,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Celsus of surgical devices for stretching a thigh, and Seneca of instruments of torture.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Apuleius applies it to the organs of the senses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) From the Theodosian Code and Augustine on it is a trick or contrivance,^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) a sense that continues in medieval Latin beside “building”.^(Niermeyer 1976) In Britain it is an ingenious device, a war engine, and in ''māchināmentum mundī'' the universe.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna uses it of siege engines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of engines for battering walls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of instruments of torture.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of the organs of sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of a contrivance or trick.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An engine of war, [[m|en|siege engine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # An [[m|en|apparatus]], device, instrument; a surgical instrument or one of torture.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' An organ of sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A [[m|en|trick]], contrivance, [[m|en|machination]].^(Georges 1913)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A building.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[māchina]]

+ * [[māchinor]]

+ * [[māchinātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}