novies Latin · revision 34300

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la novem}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''noviēs''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''noviēns'',^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Wiktionary also lists ''nōniēs'' and ''nōniēns''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|novem|-iēs|t1=nine]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The numeral goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₁néwn̥]] through [[itc-pro|*nown̥]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Lewis & Short record it first in Varro,^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) whose treatise on farming has ''ter novies'', “three times nine times”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means nine times.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Virgil writes of the Styx that flows round nine times (''noviens Styx interfusa''), and Seneca has ''novem novies'', “nine times nine”;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Ovid also uses it, and Ausonius has ''novies deni'', “nine times ten”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ It stayed in use in medieval Latin: Bede uses it in reckoning the tides, Domesday Book in a measure of meadow land, and William of Malmesbury of a king who fought nine times in one year.^(DMLBS) The early medieval law codes have it too,^(Köbler 2010) and it is in Ecclesiastical Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro writes ''ter novies''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has ''noviens Styx interfusa''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca writes ''novem novies''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 310–394 AD – Ausonius has ''novies deni''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – Bede, Domesday Book and William of Malmesbury use it.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Nine [[m|en|times]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nōnus]]

+ * [[novēnī]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}