abdomen Latin · revision 34295

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [abˈdoː.mɛn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [abˈdɔː.men]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abdōmen''' ''n'' (genitive abdōminis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The grammarians and glossaries also have the spelling ''abdūmen''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) It has been explained from the verb [[m|la|abdō|t=to conceal]], as [[m|ine-pro|*ap-dhoh1-mn]], with the original meaning “hidden part”, but de Vaan finds that assumption unfounded.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The Germanic words that Walde and Hofmann compare, [[goh|intuoma]] and [[gml|ingedōme|t=intestines; furniture]], may rather have been formed within Germanic from the verb “to do”.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL also compares the Old High German word,^(TLL) and Lewis & Short suggest either a connection with [[m|la|adeps|t=fat]], as if for ⟨adipomen⟩, or with the verb for concealing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it from Plautus on, said first of pigs;^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus lists it among foods in the ''Curculio'': ''pernam, abdomen, sumen suis'', “ham, belly, sow's udder”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In animals it is the fat underpart of the body as food, the belly of pork or, in Lucilius, of tuna.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people it is the belly or paunch,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) already in Plautus, where a knife “longs to take this belly off the adulterer”.^(OLD 2012) It stood for fatness, as in Juvenal's paunchy Montanus,^(OLD 2012) and in Apuleius for the seat of the appetites, especially gluttony.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ English borrowed it in the 1540s, first for the meat of the belly.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of pork belly and of a man's belly.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius writes of the bellies of tuna.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it in medicine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it as a sign of obesity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius makes it the seat of the appetites.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English borrows it as [[m|en|abdomen]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The fat underpart of an animal's body as food, the [[m|en|belly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # In people, the belly, [[m|en|paunch]], [[m|en|abdomen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|gluttony|alt=Gluttony]], the appetites.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abdōminālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|abdomen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}