frigo Latin · revision 34291

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfriː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfriː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''frīgō''' (present infinitive frīgere, perfect active frīxī, supine frīctum or frīxum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) It is very close in form and meaning to [[grc|φρύγω|tr=phrúgō|t=to roast]], but the two cannot be matched by sound laws, so de Vaan suggests a loanword from a third language, or one borrowed indirectly from the Greek verb;^(de Vaan 2008) Giacomelli takes it as a Greek loanword, not of the oldest layer.^(de Vaan 2008) The lack of a perfect in classical Latin, where ⟨frīxī⟩ is found only in the grammarians, could also point to a loan.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The TLL and Georges compare [[sa|भृज्जति|tr=bhṛjjati|t=to roast]],^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) and Wiktionary a root [[ine-pro|*bʰer(H)-g-|t=to roast, grill, fry]], though the Latin form would need a different root.^(Wiktionary) [[xum|frehtu]], an Umbrian word, may belong here.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''frictae nuces'', “roasted nuts”;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Cato also has roasting salt.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to roast or parch, and to fry,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) mostly of grain, pulses and nuts: Varro has roasted wheat, Celsus roasted millet, Horace roasted chickpeas and nuts, and Pliny the Elder barley roasted before it is ground.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The perfect participle ''frictus'' is the commonest form,^(OLD 2012) and Plautus jokes ''tam frictum ego illum reddam quam frictumst cicer'', “I'll make him as roasted as a roasted chickpea”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Later Latin also has the participle ''frīxus'', in Apicius, Vegetius, Sidonius and the Vulgate, where the perfect ''frīxī'' appears too.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has roasted nuts and chickpeas.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato has roasting salt.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro has roasted wheat.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder has barley roasted and then ground.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate has the perfect ''frīxī'' and the participle ''frīxus''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|roast]], [[m|en|parch]], [[m|en|fry]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[frixura]]

+ * [[refrīgō]]

+ * [[frīctus]]

+ * [[frīxus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It should not be confused with [[frīgeō]] “to be cold” and [[frīgēscō]].^(Conte 2010) The OLD has two rare verbs of the same spelling: ''frigō'' “to squeal”, of a child, found once in Afranius and connected with [[friguttiō]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and ''frigō'' “to raise”, which Nonius equates with [[ērigō]] and which may go back to a misreading of that verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}