excors Latin · revision 34283

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱērd}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.skɔrs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.skors]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excors''' (genitive excordis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|cor|t2=heart]], “without heart”, the heart being taken as the seat of intelligence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|cor]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*kord]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱērd|t=heart]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''excors, caecus, incogitabilis'', “senseless, blind, thoughtless”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It means lacking intelligence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means lacking intelligence, senseless, stupid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero asks what old woman could be found so senseless as to fear such things, and says that only the very foolish fail to see open flattery;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace uses it beside ''turpis'', “base”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means foolish or unlearned,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin from Britain it is glossed ''sine corde'', “without heart”, and with an Old English gloss.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''excors, caecus, incogitabilis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it and explains it from ''cor''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it in the ''Epistles'' and ''Satires''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Lacking intelligence, [[m|en|senseless]], [[m|en|silly]], [[m|en|stupid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cor]]

+ * [[vēcors]]

+ * [[sōcors]]

+ * [[concors]]

+ * [[discors]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Cicero explained the word from [[cor]]: to some the heart itself seems to be the mind, ''ex quo excordes, vecordes concordesque dicuntur'', “whence men are called excordes, vecordes and concordes”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Lewis and Short compare [[āmēns]], [[dēmēns]], [[vēcors]], [[īnsānus]], [[vēsānus]] and [[dēlīrus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}