exclamatio Latin · revision 34270

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la clāmō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exclāmātiō''' ''f'' (genitive exclāmātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exclāmō|-tiō|t1=to cry out]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|clāmō|t=to shout]], which de Vaan takes as a derivative of a lost noun for a shout, [[itc-pro|*klāmo-]] or [[m|itc-pro|*klāmā-]], from [[ine-pro|*kl̥h₁-mo-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotation is in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', which warns that ''acuta exclamatio vocem vulnerat'', “a shrill exclamation hurts the voice”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it very rare in the general sense of a loud calling out.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' and Cicero also use it of the figure of speech, an exclamation of wonder or of complaint, and so does Quintilian.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012) Seneca has ''gemitus et exclamationes'', groans and cries.^(OLD 2012) Seneca and Tacitus also use it of a pithy saying, as of the saying of the greatest of physicians that life is short and art long.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) In medieval Britain it is an exclamation or outcry, a rhetorical colour, and in law the hue and cry raised after a thief.^(DMLBS)^(Niermeyer 1976) English took it over as [[m|en|exclamation]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the rhetorical exclamation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of cries of pain and of a famous saying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of pithy sayings in the ''Dialogus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English borrows it as [[m|en|exclamation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A crying out, an [[m|en|outcry]], a loud call.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' An [[m|en|exclamation]] as a figure of speech.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(DMLBS)

+ # A [[m|en|saying]], [[m|en|dictum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, law)'' The [[m|en|hue and cry]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exclāmō]]

+ * [[clāmor]]

+ * [[en|exclamation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}