coercitio Latin · revision 34253

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=59 BC–17 AD, Livy|origins=la arceō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ko.ɛrˈkɪ.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ko.erˈt͡ʃit.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coërcitiō''' ''f'' (genitive coërcitiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''cohercitio'', very often in manuscripts;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) the shorter ''coertio'' and ''coerctio'' also occur.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|coerceō|-tiō|t1=to confine, restrain]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|com-]] and [[m|la|arceō|t=to keep off, contain]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*ark-eje/o-|t=to contain, keep out]] and [[ine-pro|*h2(o)r(ḱ)-ei̯e/o-|t=to hold]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Livy on,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who has ''sine coercitione magistratus'', “without punishment by the magistrates”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In its general sense it is restraint or repression: Velleius Paterculus uses it of a consul who turned all his power to curbing electoral corruption, Celsus of harsh restraint of patients, and Tacitus of curbing extravagance.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) More specifically it is the summary punishment a magistrate or other person in authority inflicts to enforce obedience, and the right to inflict it, as in Seneca and Suetonius, who says that Augustus took from the magistrates the power of punishing actors.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In this sense it is a technical term of the jurists, frequent in Gaius, Ulpian and the ''Digest'', with phrases such as ''coercitio capitalis'', capital punishment.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It is also frequent in the Church writers;^(TLL) Lactantius explains it as the governing of subjects' discipline.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means coercion, restraint, compulsion, check.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of punishment by the magistrates.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius Paterculus uses it of curbing electoral corruption.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it as a legal term for punishment.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius explains it as the governing of discipline.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|restraint|alt=Restraint]], [[m|en|repression]], curbing.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Summary [[m|en|punishment]] by a magistrate or other authority to enforce obedience; the right to inflict it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|coercion|alt=Coercion]], compulsion, check.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}