incomitatus Latin · revision 34234

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la comes}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋ.kɔ.mɪˈtaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋ.ko.miˈtaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incomitātus''' (feminine incomitāta, neuter incomitātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|comitātus|t1=not|t2=accompanied]], with the negative prefix.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) The OLD takes the second part as the participle of [[m|la|comitō]], Georges and Wiktionary as that of [[m|la|comitor|t=to accompany]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) The verb is formed from [[m|la|comes|t=companion]], which de Vaan explains as a compound of [[m|la|com-]] and the root for “to go” with a suffix, [[itc-pro|*kom-i-t-|t=going together]], whose second part continues [[ine-pro|*-h₁i-t-|t=going, goer]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Lucretius,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''incomitata funera'', funerals without a following.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Varro, of the same period, writes that in Illyricum girls are allowed to roam about ''incomitatis'', unescorted.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it rare and mostly poetic, and note that it is not in Cicero, where the right reading of ''De oratore'' 1.234 is ''incompta''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) It is used of people, especially women, in Varro and Virgil, of a litter in the younger Seneca, and in Silius Italicus' ''incomitata vestigia ferre'', to walk alone.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively Ovid has ''externis virtus incomitata bonis'', virtue unaccompanied by outward goods, and Ambrose ''numquam incomitata virtus''.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Medieval British writers keep the sense unaccompanied, of people and of virtues.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius has ''incomitata funera''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of girls going about unescorted.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of virtue without outward goods.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unaccompanied|alt=Unaccompanied]], [[m|en|unescorted]], alone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Figuratively, not attended by something.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[comes]]

+ * [[comitātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}