recusatio Latin · revision 34232

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la causa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛ.kuːˈsaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [re.kuˈs̬at.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recūsātiō''' ''f'' (genitive recūsātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|recūsō|-tiō|t1=to object, reject]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The OLD derives [[m|la|recūsō]] from [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|causa|t=cause, case]], and de Vaan lists the verb among the derivatives of that noun, whose further origin is uncertain: he gives a doubtful [[itc-pro|*kaud-ta]] and reports that Walde and Hofmann connect it with [[m|la|cūdō|t=to strike]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it certainly from Cicero on, and perhaps earlier;^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) in the ''De inventione'' Cicero says that judicial oratory comprises accusation and defence, or ''petitionem et recusationem'', claim and counter-plea.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a legal term it is the defendant's counter-plea or objection, in Cicero's ''De inventione'' and ''Pro Cluentio'' and in Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) More generally it is a refusal or objection: Cicero has ''sine ulla recusatione'', without any objection, and wished to take from Crassus every excuse for refusing, and Caesar and Hirtius use it too.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Petronius transfers it to the stomach's ''recusatio'', its loathing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The TLL notes that it is found only in prose and never in the plural.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means refusal, rejection, objection,^(Stelten 1995) and medieval British lawyers use it of challenging judges.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a counter-plea and of a refusal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of the stomach's loathing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it as a term of rhetoric.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(law)'' A [[m|en|counterplea]], [[m|en|demurrer]], objection to a charge.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|refusal]], an expression of unwillingness, objection.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Of the stomach, [[m|en|loathing]], [[m|en|nausea]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[recūsō]]

+ * [[causa]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Manuscripts sometimes confuse it with [[excūsātiō]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}