ploratus Latin · revision 34225

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la plōrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɫoːˈraː.tʊs], [pɫoːˈraː.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ploˈraː.tus], [ploˈraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plōrātus''' ''m'' (genitive plōrātūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|plōrō|-tus|t1=to wail, weep]], a fourth-declension action noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan finds no etymology for [[m|la|plōrō]];^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet, he reports, think likely the ancient explanation that [[m|la|explōrō]] first meant to scout a hunting ground by shouting, while he finds Szemerényi's dissimilation from ⟨*prōrāre⟩ less likely.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''mixti vagitibus aegris ploratus'', “wailing mixed with sickly cries”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the action of expressing grief or pain, wailing or crying.^(OLD 2012) Cicero, translating the words of Heracles from Sophocles, has ''heu, virginalem me ore ploratum edere'', “alas, that I should utter a girlish wail”.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses the plural of women and children wailing,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Curtius of a palace resounding with laments,^(Georges 1913) and Pliny the Elder of a satyr hushing a crying infant and of springs said to make people laugh or weep.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL) Pliny also uses it of a tree “weeping”, exuding resin.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) The Vulgate has ''vox ploratus'' in Matthew,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Christian writers such as Cyprian and Augustine use it of weeping.^(TLL) Medieval British writers keep the sense weeping, mourning, lamentation.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses the plural of wailing.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in a verse translation from Sophocles.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the wailing of women and children.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a tree exuding resin.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate has ''vox ploratus'' in Matthew.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wailing]], [[m|en|weeping]], crying, [[m|en|lamentation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of a tree, the exuding of [[m|en|resin]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plōrō]]

+ * [[explōrō]]

+ * [[implōrō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The same spelling is the perfect passive participle of [[plōrō]], “wept over, lamented”, which Gaffiot gives an entry of its own.^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)^(Gaffiot 2016) Grammarians attest the masculine gender of the noun.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}