contueor Latin · revision 34215

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tueor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈtu.e.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈtuː.e.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contueor''' (present infinitive contuērī, perfect active contuitus sum); second conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ The third-conjugation form ''contuor'', ''contuī'' occurs in Plautus, Pomponius, Lucretius and Statius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ Ennius has an active form ''contuō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ The perfect participle is apparently attested only in Suetonius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|tueor|t2=to look at; to guard]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|tueor]], from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008) He takes the original meaning of that verb to be “to watch over, protect”, which became “to look at” in the compounds, and calls attractive a derivation from [[ine-pro|*tuh₂-|t=to be strong]], comparing [[sa|तवीति|tr=tavīti]] “is strong”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the OLD record it first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) who has ''quotiens te votui Argyrippum colloquive aut contui?'', “how often have I forbidden you to speak to Argyrippus or look at him?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is to look at, gaze on, as Cicero bids his hearers look at a man's face and Lucretius speaks of the strange figures we see in dreams.^(OLD 2012) Of places it means to be within sight of: Mela's Corinth looks out on both seas from its citadel.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero also uses it of the mind contemplating the heavens.^(OLD 2012) In the weaker sense to behold, see, Plautus and Nepos have it, and Pliny the Elder contrasts eyes that see far with those that see only what is near.^(OLD 2012) Varro uses it once of tending cattle.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it rare but classical, most frequent in Cicero, and give the meanings to weigh, ponder.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to look at attentively, consider.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it, in the form ''contuī'', of looking at a person.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of looking after cattle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of looking and of mental contemplation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43/44 AD – Mela uses it of a city overlooking the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To look at, [[m|en|gaze]] on, [[m|en|contemplate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of places, to be within sight of, look out on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To contemplate with the mind, [[m|en|ponder]], consider.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|behold]], see.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To look after, [[m|en|tend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contuitus]]

+ * [[contūtus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[circumtueor]]

+ * [[intueor]]

+ * [[obtueor]]

+ * [[tueor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein groups it with [[spectō]], [[intueor]] and [[tueor]] as verbs of looking, as against [[videō]] and [[cernō]], which denote seeing; he distinguishes ''intuērī'', to contemplate attentively, from ''contuērī'', to gaze fixedly and keenly with wide-open eyes.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}