exitialis Latin · revision 34213

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la exitium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛk.sɪ.tiˈaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡ.zit.t͡siˈaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exitiālis''' (neuter exitiāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exitium|-ālis|t1=destruction, death]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists [[m|la|exitium]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|eō#1|t=to go]], which he traces to [[ine-pro|*h₁ei-|t=to go]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it first in Lucretius;^(de Vaan 2008) the OLD's earliest quotation is from Cicero's Verrines, ''perditae civitates hos solent exitus exitiales habere'', “ruined states usually come to such deadly ends”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OLD treats it as the same word in meaning as [[exitiābilis]]: destructive, fatal, deadly.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius speaks of deadly motions, and Virgil uses it of the fatal gift to Minerva and of a crime.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Velleius has a deadly storm, Pliny the Elder deadly poisons and venomous animals, Livy a fatal letter, and Suetonius something held criminal and deadly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Medieval writers in Britain use it for death-dealing things: Honorius calls hell the ''exitialem lacum'', and Gerald of Wales writes of the deadly end of tyrants.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of deadly ends of states.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil applies it to the fatal gift and to a crime.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of poisons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|destructive|alt=Destructive]], [[m|en|fatal]], [[m|en|deadly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exitium]]

+ * [[exitiābilis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Its synonym [[exitiābilis]] is found from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}