malitiosus Latin · revision 34202

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=2nd half of the 2nd century BC, Afranius|origins=la malus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ma.lɪ.tiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ma.lit.t͡siˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''malitiōsus''' (feminine malitiōsa, neuter malitiōsum, comparative malitiōsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|malitia|-ōsus|t1=wickedness, malice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan dates [[m|la|malitia]] from Plautus among the derivatives of [[m|la|malus#1|t=bad]], which he reconstructs as [[itc-pro|*malo-]] and, following Ernout and Meillet, perhaps [[ine-pro|*mol-o-|t=bad]]; he calls this uncertain, since the comparanda are isolated words in different branches.^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore of Seville explained the adjective as worse than merely bad, because it means frequently bad.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Afranius,^(Köbler 2010) whose comedy has ''istaec malitiosa non tam calleo'', “I am not so practised in these sly tricks”.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means wicked, malicious, crafty, both of people and of actions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' speaks of Carthage ''dolis malitiosa'', full of tricks, and Cicero has a ''malitiosa iuris interpretatio'', a crafty interpretation of the law, and lists the word among terms for cunning, deceitful men.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The TLL also records it in Tertullian, in the Vulgate, and in Firmicus Maternus of the baleful power of malevolent stars.^(TLL) The name ''Silva Malitiosa'' appears in Livy: the OLD places the wood in Samnium, while Georges and Conte place it in Sabine territory.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Medieval British writers use it of malicious people and thoughts, and also, in botany and medicine, for harmful or poisonous, and in astrology of a malign planet.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''malicios'' it gave English [[m|en|malicious]] in the mid-13th century, and it is the source of Italian [[m|it|malizioso]].^(Etymonline)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd half of the 2nd century BC – Afranius uses it in a comedy.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' calls Carthage ''dolis malitiosa''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a crafty interpretation of the law.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English [[m|en|malicious|alt=malicious]] is recorded, from Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|wicked|alt=Wicked]], [[m|en|malicious]], [[m|en|crafty]], knavish; of things, deceitful, done with malice.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Harmful, [[m|en|poisonous]]; in astrology, malign.^(DMLBS)

+ # ''Silva Malitiosa'', the name of a wood in Italy.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[malitiositas]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[malitia]]

+ * [[malus#1]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}