adumbratus Latin · revision 34194

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la umbra}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''adumbrātus''' (feminine adumbrāta, neuter adumbrātum); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|adumbrō|t=to sketch in outline; to shade]].^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) That verb is made from [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|umbrō|t=to shade]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) a verb from [[m|la|umbra|t=shade, shadow]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reports the usual connection of the noun with [[lt|ùnksna|t=shade]] and the reconstruction [[itc-pro|*unksrā-]], which he finds conceivable, though the cluster is found in no other word; he knows no root etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first quotation is Varro's ''adumbrata et tenuis analogia'', a sketchy and slight [[m|en|analogy]];^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is existing only in outline, sketchy, shadowy, unsubstantial.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of gods drawn only in outline, and contrasts glory, a solid thing in relief, with its ''adumbrata imago'', a vague phantom of glory.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) From this it means pretended, feigned, sham: Cicero calls a man ''Pipae vir adumbratus'', Pipa's sham husband, and speaks of ''adumbrata comitia'', a semblance of an assembly, and of ''res fictae et adumbratae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) Petronius has a sham inscription,^(Conte 2010) Tacitus ''adumbrata laetitia'', feigned joy,^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) and Ammianus hidden tricks.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ The TLL records the word in Christian authors such as Cyprian, Ambrose, Prudentius and Augustine, and in the Theodosian Code, with ''fictus'' and ''falsus'' as synonyms and ''verus'' as its opposite.^(TLL) Köbler finds it again in Walahfrid in the 9th century.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro has ''adumbrata et tenuis analogia''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sketchy images and of sham things.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius has a sham inscription.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has ''adumbrata laetitia''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 2nd quarter of the 9th century – Walahfrid uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Existing only in [[m|en|outline]], sketchy, shadowy, unsubstantial.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # [[m|en|pretended|alt=Pretended]], feigned, [[m|en|sham]], counterfeit.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adumbrō]]

+ * [[umbra]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The adverb ''adumbrātē'' appears in Vincent of Lérins.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}