tremesco Latin · revision 34190

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la tremō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trɛˈmeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [treˈmɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tremēscō''' (present infinitive tremēscere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''tremīscō'' in Lewis and Short, Gaffiot, Conte and Wiktionary;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)^(Wiktionary) Georges rejects that spelling.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tremō|-ēscō|t1=to tremble|t2=inchoative suffix]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan traces the simple verb to [[itc-pro|*trem-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*tr(e)m-|t=to tremble]], and compares [[grc|τρέμω|tr=trémō|t=to tremble]] and [[lt|trìmti|t=to tremble]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest quotation is from Lucretius, of houses that shake as wagons pass along the road;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Georges also cites a fragment of Varro, ''magna ut tremescat Roma'', “so that great Rome may tremble”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is chiefly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Intransitively it means to tremble, [[m|en|quiver]], shake: Virgil has the heights of the earth trembling with thunder, Ovid's Medea makes the mountains tremble, and Statius uses it of lightning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of living beings it means to tremble with fear, as in Ovid, of one who starts at every noise.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Transitively it means to tremble at, to [[m|en|dread]]: Virgil has ''sonitumque pedum vocemque tremesco'', “I tremble at the sound of feet and voice”, and uses it with an infinitive clause, and Statius with an indirect question.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Wiktionary lists Spanish and Portuguese [[m|es|estremecer]] and Lombard forms among its descendants.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – A fragment of Varro has ''magna ut tremescat Roma''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of shaking houses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of mountains and, transitively, of fearing a sound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of trembling with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it often.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|tremble]], quiver, [[m|en|vibrate]]; to begin to shake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To tremble with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # (transitive) To tremble at, [[m|en|dread]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pertremisco]]

+ * [[contremēscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tremō]]

+ * [[horrēscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}