quernus Latin · revision 34188

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la quercus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʷɛr.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷɛr.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quernus''' (feminine querna, neuter quernum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The longer form ''querneus'' is found in Cato, Columella, Propertius and Suetonius;^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Georges treats ''quernus'' as a by-form of it.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|quercus|-nus|t1=oak]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary explains it from an older ⟨*kʷerknos⟩, which became ⟨*kʷernos⟩ by the regular loss of a stop between a liquid and /n/.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the noun to [[itc-pro|*kwerkwu/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*perkw-o/u-|t=kind of oak]], with the regular Italo-Celtic assimilation of /p/ to the following /kʷ/; he compares [[goh|fereheih|t=kind of oak]] and, though others separate it, [[ang|furh|t=fir-tree]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short and Georges cite it first from Virgil's ''quernas glandes'', acorns.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means of or belonging to the [[m|en|oak]], oaken, chiefly in poetry.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil also has ''vimen quernum'', oak twigs, and Ovid an oak stake.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It can mean consisting of oak trees, as in Pliny the Elder's ''quernum nemus'', an oak grove, and Sidonius' ''querna acernaque nemora''; and made of oak wood or oak leaves, as in Pliny's oak axles and in Ovid's ''querna corona'', a wreath of oak leaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In British medieval Latin it means of an oak or made of oak wood, and the neuter ''quernum'' glosses Old English [[m|ang|acleaf]], oak leaf, in Ælfric's glossary.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has ''quernas glandes''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid has ''querna corona''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder has an oak grove and oak axles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 431–486 AD – Sidonius has ''querna acernaque nemora''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the [[m|en|oak]], oaken.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+ # Consisting of oak trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Made of oak wood or of oak leaves;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''querna corona'', a [[m|en|wreath]] of oak leaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, neuter as a noun)'' An oak leaf.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quercus]]

+ * [[querneus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}