prave Latin · revision 34176

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=la prāvus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prāvē''' (superlative prāvissimē)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prāvus|-ē|t1=crooked; perverse, bad]], the adverb of the adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan finds no etymology for the adjective, which is attested from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest quotation in the OLD is from Terence, ''vide ne inpulsus ira prave insistas'', “take care you don't persist wrongly, driven by anger”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Gaffiot gives the literal sense “crookedly”, quoting Horace on a badly cut fingernail.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) Mostly it means wrongly, either against right conduct or by mistake: Cicero sets things done ''prāvē'', that is wrongdoings, against things done rightly;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Horace has ''pudens prāvē'', “ashamed from a false sense of shame”;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) and Livy writes of religious rites neglected or performed badly.^(OLD 2012) Sallust has the superlative ''prāvissimē'',^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) and Tacitus has ''prāvē fācundus'', eloquent to bad ends.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) Medieval writers in Britain, from Bede onwards, use it of wicked conduct and of false teaching.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of persisting wrongly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius has it in a tragedy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero sets it against ''rēctē''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace has ''pudens prāvē''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has ''prāvē fācundus''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|wrongfully|alt=Wrongfully]], perversely, against right conduct.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # [[m|en|mistakenly|alt=Mistakenly]], wrongly;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''pudens prāvē'', from false shame.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Badly, defectively; [[m|en|crookedly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' In a [[m|en|depraved]] way, wickedly;^(DMLBS) (of teaching) falsely.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prāvus]]

+ * [[prāvitās]]

+ * [[dēprāvō]]

+ * [[rēctē]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}