evalesco Latin · revision 34171

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la valeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eː.waˈɫeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [e.vaˈlɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēvalēscō''' (present infinitive ēvalēscere, perfect active ēvaluī); third conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|valēscō|t2=to grow strong]].^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)^(Wiktionary) The simple verb is the inchoative of [[m|la|valeō|t=to be strong, be well]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*wal-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ulh₁-eh₁-|t=to be strong]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL notes that a perfect ⟨ēvaluī⟩ can belong either to this verb or to ⟨ēvaleō⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest quotation in the OLD is from Virgil's Aeneid, ''non medicari cuspidis ictum evaluit'', “could not heal the blow of the spear”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is not found before the Augustan period.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of plants growing to full strength, and Seneca of natural talent developing with teaching.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Quintilian says that many Gallic words have come into use, such as ''raeda'';^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) Tacitus writes of peoples growing powerful and of a desire for quiet that grew into a tumult;^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) and in the Digest an opinion “prevails”.^(OLD 2012) Macrobius uses it of a price rising to a sum.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Medieval Latin it could mean to recover one's strength after an illness.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses the perfect with an infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of plants.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of words coming into use.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of peoples growing powerful.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To grow strong, grow to full strength (of plants).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|develop]], grow (into something).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To become powerful (politically).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (in the perfect, with an infinitive) To be strong enough, [[m|en|succeed]] (in).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # (in the perfect) To [[m|en|prevail]];^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) (of words) to come into use.^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+ # To come to be worth (a sum).^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To [[m|en|recover]] one's strength.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[valeō]]

+ * [[valēscō]]

+ * [[convalēscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}