perfidiosus Latin · revision 34162

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la fidēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛr.fɪ.diˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [per.fi.diˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perfidiōsus''' (feminine perfidiōsa, neuter perfidiōsum, comparative perfidiōsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|perfidia|-ōsus|t1=faithlessness, treachery|t2=full of]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|perfidia]] is from [[m|la|perfidus|t=faithless]], made from [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|fidēs#1|t=trust]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces that noun to [[ine-pro|*bhidh-eh1-|t=faith]], beside the verb [[m|la|fīdō|t=to trust]], from [[ine-pro|*bheidh-e/o-|t=to trust]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Plautus on,^(TLL) who writes ''perfidiosus est Amor'', “Love is treacherous”.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means faithless, treacherous, false, of persons and of things.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds it in Plautus and the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' but rarely elsewhere except in Cicero, who uses it about ten times;^(TLL) Cicero calls one man ''omnium perfidiosissimus'', “the most treacherous of all”, and says that it is ''perfidiosum'' to break one's word.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus has ''perfidiosus et subdolus animo'', “treacherous and crafty in mind”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) In Ecclesiastical Latin it keeps the sense faithless, treacherous,^(Stelten 1995) and medieval glossaries in Britain explain it as one who always breaks faith.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it as [[m|en|perfidious]] in the 1590s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus writes ''perfidiosus est Amor''.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it about ten times.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has ''perfidiosus et subdolus animo''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English borrows it as [[m|en|perfidious|alt=perfidious]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|faithless|alt=Faithless]], [[m|en|treacherous]], [[m|en|perfidious]], false.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perfidia]]

+ * [[perfidus]]

+ * [[fidēs#1]]

+ * [[en|perfidious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}