periculose Latin · revision 34145

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la perīculum}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perīculōsē''' (comparative perīculōsius, superlative perīculōsissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|perīculōsus|-ē|t1=dangerous]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) the adverb of an adjective made from [[m|la|perīculum|t=trial, danger]].^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan places that noun in the family of [[m|la|pariō|t=to give birth to, bear]] and [[m|la|experior|t=to put to the test]], reconstructing it as [[itc-pro|*per-ei-tlo-|t=experience]], whose meaning shifted from “experience” to “trial, danger”; he takes it for an older formation than the compound verbs in ⟨-perīrī⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest quotation in the OLD is from Varro, reported by Servius: ''sciunt perīculōsē sē nāvigāre'', “they know that they sail at their peril”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's earliest source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero writes of a man dangerously ill, of saying something at his own risk, and that he will try a course even if it is dangerous.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) Sallust uses the comparative,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Seneca has the superlative of what people do most dangerously and most gladly.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It is also used of medicines that are risky to give and of a figure of speech that is risky to use.^(OLD 2012) From Fronto and the jurists it can mean at the risk of error.^(OLD 2012) Medieval writers in Britain use it of what is done in a way that brings danger, often in moral and religious writing: Alcuin warns that in nothing does one go wrong more dangerously than in baptism.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, quoted by Servius, of sailing at one's peril.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of danger and risk.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto uses it of writing at the risk of error.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 799 – Alcuin uses the comparative in a letter about baptism.^(DMLBS)

+ * 1178 – Peter of Blois writes of people who think their crime hidden but are dangerously deceived.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|dangerously|alt=Dangerously]], at one's [[m|en|peril]]; in a way that endangers others; in dangerous circumstances.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis 1890)

+ # At the [[m|en|risk]] of error.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perīculōsus]]

+ * [[perīculum]]

+ * [[perīclitor]]

+ * [[experior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}