remunero Latin · revision 34142

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la mūnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈmuː.nɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈmuː.ne.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''remūnerō''' (present infinitive remūnerāre, perfect active remūnerāvī, supine remūnerātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ In classical Latin the verb is usually the deponent ''remūneror'', ''remūnerārī'', ''remūnerātus sum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ The active ''remūnerō'' occurs in Petronius, in Marcus Aurelius' letters to Fronto, in Tertullian and in the jurist Papinian.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|mūnerō|t1=back|t2=to give, bestow]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) and that verb is made from [[m|la|mūnus|t=duty; gift]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs that noun as [[itc-pro|*moinos-|t=duty, obligation, task]] and, with a query, [[ine-pro|*h2moi-no-|t=exchange]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|múíníkú|t=common]], [[sga|móin|t=value, treasure]] and [[lt|maĩnas|t=exchange]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest quotation in the OLD is from Varro's work on farming: ''ut … remūnerēminī nōs'', “that you repay us”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it of repaying a person with a gift or a service and of requiting a kindness;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) he writes that he has nothing to repay with but his goodwill.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar has it of rewarding someone with a great prize,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Catullus of paying someone back with punishments.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Columella says of rich soil that it repays the farmer's outlay and labour with a large crop,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and Gellius uses it of answering a sophism in kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The active form is found from Petronius on,^(Georges 1913) and in Ecclesiastical Latin it means to pay, reward, remunerate.^(Stelten 1995) English ''remunerate'' comes from its participle, or is a back-formation from ''remuneration''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of repaying someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of repaying gifts and kindnesses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of paying someone back with punishments.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses the active form.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English [[m|en|remunerate]] is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|repay]], [[m|en|recompense]], [[m|en|reward]] (a person), especially with a gift.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To pay back, [[m|en|requite]] (an injury), punish.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To reward, requite (a kindness or service); to answer (an argument) in kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūnus]]

+ * [[mūnerō]]

+ * [[remūnerātiō]]

+ * [[en|remunerate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short give [[retribuō]] as a synonym.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}