pavito Latin · revision 34135

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=itc-pro *paw-ē-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpa.wɪ.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpaː.vi.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pavitō''' (present infinitive pavitāre, perfect active pavitāvī, supine pavitātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|paveō|-itō|t1=to be struck with fear]], a frequentative verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces the simple verb to [[itc-pro|*paw-ē-|t=to be frightened]] and [[ine-pro|*pou-eh₁-|t=to fear]].^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet took it as the stative counterpart, “to be struck”, of [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike, beat]]; de Vaan finds this possible but also reports Schrijver's more direct comparison with Celtic nouns for “fear”, such as [[sga|omun]] and [[wlm|ouyn]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it first in Terence.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD quotes his ''Hecyra'', where people have said that Philumena “is shivering with something” (''Philumenam pavitāre nescioquid'');^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Lewis & Short and Georges take this as shaking with fever.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it ante-classical and poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It means to tremble or be in a state of fear, as in Virgil's ''prōsequitur pavitāns'', “trembling, he goes on”, and Seneca's ''pavitante gressū'', “with trembling step”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an object it means to dread something: Lucretius has ''quae puerī in tenebrīs pavitant'', “what children fear in the dark”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Caelius Aurelianus uses it of twitching eyelids (''pavitantēs palpebrae'').^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of shivering, perhaps with fever.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it with an object, “to dread”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses the present participle of trembling with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca writes of a trembling step.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 5th century AD – Caelius Aurelianus uses it of twitching eyelids.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|tremble]] with fear, be in a state of [[m|en|fear]] or [[m|en|trepidation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To shake or shiver with [[m|en|fever]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # (transitive) To [[m|en|dread]], be afraid of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paveō]]

+ * [[pavor]]

+ * [[pavidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}