progigno Latin · revision 34125

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈɡɪŋ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈd͡ʒiɲ.ɲo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōgignō''' (present infinitive prōgignere, perfect active prōgenuī, supine prōgenitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|gignō|t2=to beget]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan notes that its pair with the participle [[m|la|prōgnātus|t=born, descended]], from an older ⟨gnātos⟩, confirms that [[m|la|genitus]] is a recent replacement, and that [[m|la|prōgeniēs]] and [[m|la|prōgenitor]] are formed from this verb.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL also regards the passive as older than the active, and compares the passive [[sa|प्रजायते|tr=prajāyate]].^(TLL) The simple verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*ǵi-ǵnh₁-e/o-|t=to engender]], from the root [[ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''neque nātus est neque prōgignētur'', “neither has been born nor will be born”, and ''nōlēbam ex mē mōrem prōgignī malum'', “I did not want a bad custom to arise from me”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it of first beginnings giving rise to new motions and of bodies producing a bitter sensation, and Cicero of the force in seeds of the things born from them.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Catullus has myrtles that the streams of the Eurotas bring forth, and Virgil ''illam terra parēns prōgenuit'', “mother Earth brought her forth”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella uses it of Nature producing animals and plants, and Apuleius of the elements produced from matter.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of being born and of a custom arising.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of causing motions and sensations.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of seeds.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of Earth bearing offspring.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of Nature.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|beget]], produce as offspring; passive, to be born, spring (from).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+ # To bring into being, [[m|en|create]]; passive, to come into existence.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cause, give rise to.^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōgeniēs]]

+ * [[prōgenitor]]

+ * [[progenitrix]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gignō]]

+ * [[prōgnātus]]

+ * [[genus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}