concubinus Latin · revision 34123

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81/79–52/50 BC, Catullus|origins=la cubō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔŋ.kʊˈbiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koŋ.kuˈbiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''concubīnus''' ''m'' (genitive concubīnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|concumbō|-īnus|t1=to lie together]] according to the OLD;^(OLD 2012) the TLL takes it as the masculine formed to [[m|la|concubīna|t=concubine]],^(TLL) which is far more frequent.^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists that noun, from Plautus on, among the derivatives of [[m|la|cubō|t=to lie down]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Catullus.^(Köbler 2010) In Catullus (61.130) the master's ''concubīnus'', hearing that his master's love has left him, is told not to refuse nuts to the boys; the TLL takes it there as a favourite boy.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OLD defines it as a catamite or male lover,^(OLD 2012) and the TLL quotes the ''Bellum Hispaniense'' on a freedman who had been someone's ''concubīnus''.^(TLL) Lewis & Short note that the masculine is not in Cicero, and cite Quintilian, Pliny the Elder, Curtius, Suetonius, Tacitus and Martial for it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler records a medieval adjective ''concubīnus'', “lying together”, in the second half of the 13th century.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of a favourite boy.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * second half of the 13th century – Köbler records a medieval adjective, “lying together”.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|catamite]], favourite boy; a male [[m|en|lover]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+ # A man living in [[m|en|concubinage]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Lying together.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[concumbō]]

+ * [[concubīnātus]]

+ * [[concubitus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short treat the masculine with the far more common feminine [[concubīna]], one who lives in concubinage, a less reproachful term than [[paelex]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}