lympho Latin · revision 34121

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, participle lymphātus|origins=grc νύμφη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈlym.pʰoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈlim.fo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lymphō''' (present infinitive lymphāre, perfect active lymphāvī, supine lymphātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lympha|-ō|t1=water; water nymph]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The OLD takes that noun as apparently an adaptation of [[grc|νύμφη|tr=númphē|t=bride, young girl; spring water]] by dissimilation;^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary and Saalfeld simply derive it from the Greek word.^(Wiktionary)^(Saalfeld 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The participle ''lymphātus'', “frantic, beside oneself”, is found in Livy, Virgil and Horace.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD's first quotation for the verb is Pliny the Elder on a herb whose drink makes people frenzied, with visions before them (''hāc pōtā lymphārī hominēs obversantibus mīrāculīs'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Pliny the Elder 23/24–79 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Valerius Flaccus and Statius use it of driving cities mad with fear, and Pliny the Elder has the present participle of frenzied minds.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Caelius Aurelianus uses it, in the sense of the noun, of wine diluted with water (''vīnō lymphātō, id est, aquā temperātō'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century BC – Livy, Virgil and Horace use the participle ''lymphātus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of frenzy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it of driving cities mad.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 5th century AD – Caelius Aurelianus uses it of diluting wine with water.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drive [[m|en|crazy]], [[m|en|derange]], distract with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (passive, present participle) To be in a [[m|en|frenzy]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (medicine) To [[m|en|dilute]] with water.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lymphātus]]

+ * [[lymphātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lympha]]

+ * [[nympha]]

+ * [[en|lymph]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}