resupinus Latin · revision 34116

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *(h₁)upo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛ.sʊˈpiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [re.s̬uˈpiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''resupīnus''' (feminine resupīna, neuter resupīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|supīnus|t2=lying face upwards]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan explains [[m|la|supīnus]] as a simple adjective in ⟨-īnus⟩ that keeps the old meaning “upwards” of the stem of [[m|la|sub|t=under]], going back to [[itc-pro|*supīno-|t=upwards]] and [[ine-pro|*(h₁)upo|t=up, from below]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the OLD find it first in Accius,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) in a passage Cicero quotes, of lying on one's back and gazing up at the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lucretius, Virgil and Ovid use it of lying flat on one's back,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Ovid also of the face of someone lying so.^(OLD 2012) It comes to mean leaning back, and with the head thrown back in pride: Ovid's Niobe walks through the city ''resupīna'', and Seneca uses it of an actor strutting on stage.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Of things it means facing upwards, and of ground sloping upwards;^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it of the turned-back rim of a lily, Columella of a pig's flat snout, and Quintilian of a cadence that dies away.^(OLD 2012) In prose it can also mean lazy or indifferent.^(OLD 2012)^(Simpson 1959) Medieval writers in Britain use it of lying on one's back in bed, and glossaries also explain it as wide open.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of lying on one's back.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the head thrown back in pride.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of ground sloping upwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Lying on one's back, face upwards, [[m|en|supine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Inert, passive, [[m|en|indifferent]]; lazy.^(OLD 2012)^(Simpson 1959)

+ # Turned upside down.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Leaning back; with the head thrown back, [[m|en|haughty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Simpson 1959)

+ # Facing upwards;^(OLD 2012) (of ground) sloping upwards.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Tilted or turned back;^(OLD 2012) (of a nose) flattened.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of a cadence) Dying away.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[resupīnō]]

+ * [[supīnus]]

+ * [[sub]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}