spumeus Latin · revision 34112

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *spoHi-m-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈspuː.me.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈspuː.me.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spūmeus''' (feminine spūmea, neuter spūmeum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|spūma|-eus|t1=foam]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan derives [[m|la|spūma]] from [[itc-pro|*spoimā-|t=foam]] and [[ine-pro|*spoHi-m-|t=foam]], a derivative in ⟨-m-⟩ beside the ⟨-n-⟩ forms of other languages.^(de Vaan 2008) It is cognate with [[sa|फेन|tr=phéna-|t=foam]], [[lt|spáinė|t=foam]], [[ang|fām|t=foam]] and [[goh|feim|t=foam]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) whose Nereus rages, foaming, with his trident: ''saevit tridentī spūmeus … Nēreus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil uses it of rivers, waves and rocks covered with spray, Ovid of a torrent, Lucan of a madness foaming at the mouth, and Phaedrus and Apuleius of a boar foaming at the jaws.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Pliny the Elder uses it of juices and seeds that look like foam and of salt made from sea foam,^(OLD 2012) and Palladius of a whitish colour.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Medieval writers in Britain also use it of a foaming horse and, figuratively, of frothy, bombastic speech.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of Nereus and the foaming sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a torrent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of foam-like juices and of salt made from foam.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * end of 4th/beginning of 5th century AD – Palladius uses it of a whitish colour.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|foaming|alt=Foaming]], [[m|en|frothy]], covered with foam.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Like foam in appearance; whitish.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Made of foam.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, figurative)'' Of speech: frothy, [[m|en|bombastic]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spūma]]

+ * [[spūmō]]

+ * [[en|foam]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}