profusus Latin · revision 34096

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prɔˈfuː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈfuː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''profūsus''' (feminine profūsa, neuter profūsum, superlative profūsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle [[der|la|profundō|t=to pour forth]], so first “poured out”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) That verb is [[m|la|prō-]] with [[fundo#1|alt=fundō]] “to pour”, which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*χund-(e/o-)]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who calls a man a ruined and extravagant spendthrift.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of persons it is immoderate in spending, extravagant, prodigal; of things it is lavish or sumptuous: Cicero says the Roman people does not love lavish banquets, but much less meanness.^(OLD 2012) In a good sense it is unboundedly generous, as Martial's gift from a generous chest.^(OLD 2012) Of feelings and activities it is immoderate or excessive, as Cicero's excessive merriment, and also copious, plentiful.^(OLD 2012) English [[m|en|profuse]] dates from the early 15th century, first “lavish, extravagant”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a spendthrift and of lavish banquets.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial of a generous giver.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''profuse''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|extravagant|alt=Extravagant]], [[m|en|prodigal]] in spending; lavish, sumptuous.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unboundedly generous, unstinting.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Immoderate, excessive; copious, [[m|en|profuse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[profundo|alt=profundō]]

+ * [[prodigus|alt=prōdigus]]

+ * [[en|profuse]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''prōdigus'', the squanderer who does not value money, from ''profūsus'', the spendthrift who from levity thinks nothing too dear for his pleasures;^(Döderlein 1874) ''helluō'' and ''nepōs'' name prodigality as the whole of a man's character.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}