technology English · revision 3409

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1615|origins=grc τέχνη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/, US /tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|τεχνολογία|tr=tekhnología|t=systematic treatment of an art or craft]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) through a Latinized form,^(Etymonline) originally referring to grammar,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[m|grc|τέχνη|tr=tékhnē|t=art, skill, craft]] and [[m|grc|-λογία|tr=-logía]], the source of [[-logy]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(COED 2004) Greek tékhnē is from PIE *teks-na- “craft”, from [[ine-pro|*teks-|t=to weave, fabricate]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A discourse or treatise on an art or the arts: 1615^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) or the 1610s.^(Etymonline) Merriam-Webster dates it to 1658, in the sense of a field's technical terminology,^(MWU 2024) which the OED also records from 1658.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The modern sense, the scientific study of the mechanical and industrial arts, or those arts collectively, is from 1859;^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) the Century Dictionary (1895) gives spinning, metal-working and brewing as examples.^(Etymonline) ''A technology'', a particular practical or industrial art, with a plural, is from 1957.^(OED 1989) ''High technology'' is attested by 1956,^(Etymonline) applied to firms and industries from 1964,^(OED 1989) and the short form ''high-tech'' by 1972.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1615 – a treatise on an art.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1658 – technical terminology.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1859 – the practical arts collectively.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1956 – ''high technology''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1957 – ''a technology'', with a plural.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1972 – ''high-tech''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The application of [[science]] to practical, industrial or commercial ends.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # The methods, machines and materials produced in this way.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # The body of knowledge a society has for making tools and practising [[craft|alt=crafts]].^(AHD)

+ # ''(archaic)'' The terminology of a particular art or subject.^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[technologist]]

+ * [[agrotechnology]]

+ * [[antitechnology]]

+ * [[biotechnology]]

+ * [[cytotechnology]]

+ * [[microtechnology]]

+ * [[nanotechnology]]

+ * [[psychotechnology]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[technical]]

+ * [[technician]]

+ * [[technique]]

+ * [[techno-]]

+ * [[technological]]

+ * [[-logy]]

+ * [[text]]

+ * [[texture]]

+ * [[architect]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}