perpendo Latin · revision 34086

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *(s)pend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈpɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈpɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perpendō''' (present infinitive perpendere, perfect active perpendī, supine perpēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|pendō|t2=to weigh]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pendō]] to [[itc-pro|*pend-e/o-|t=to hang, weigh]] and [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-|t=to spin]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius uses it of weighing something with keen judgement.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Literally it is to weigh carefully in the scales, which Lewis & Short call very rare, as in Gellius, and to poise or balance, as the surveying instrument in Frontinus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Most often it is figurative, to weigh carefully, examine, ponder: Cicero weighs the claims of duty most carefully and tests a man's conduct against the rules of a philosophy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it to examine, weigh, consider, investigate.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of weighing with judgement.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of weighing duties.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius of weighing in the scales.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|weigh]] carefully (in the scales); to balance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To weigh, examine, [[m|en|ponder]], consider.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pendo|alt=pendō]]

+ * [[expendo|alt=expendō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}