servator Latin · revision 34076

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ser-u-o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''servātor''' ''m'' (genitive servātōris, feminine servātrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|servō|-tor|t1=to save, keep, watch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan reports Rix's view that the verb comes from an older noun “observation, heed”, going back to [[itc-pro|*serwā-|t=observation]] and [[ine-pro|*ser-u-o-|t=guardian]], the source also of [[servus]], first “guard, shepherd”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has a character, asked whether he is a poisoner, call himself rather a saviour of men.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that preserver, deliverer, saviour is its prevailing sense: Cicero calls a man the saviour of the state, as against its destroyer, and the saviour of his own life;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Livy has crowds hail a general as saviour and liberator;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Lucretius calls the white goose the saviour of the citadel.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Like Greek ''Sōtēr'', it is an epithet of Jupiter.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also a watcher or observer, as Lucan's observer of the silent heavens, and one who keeps a rule, as Lucan's keeper of stern virtue.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Church Latin ''Servātor'' is the Saviour.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, saviour of men.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the goose that saved the citadel.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, saviour of the state.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan of an observer of the heavens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|saviour]], [[m|en|preserver]], deliverer;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) an epithet of Jupiter.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A watcher, [[m|en|observer]]; a guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # One who keeps (a rule or duty).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The Saviour.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[servo|alt=servō]]

+ * [[servus]]

+ * [[salvator|alt=salvātor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}