nivalis Latin · revision 34071

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *snígʷʰs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [nɪˈwaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [niˈvaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nivālis''' (neuter nivāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the stem ⟨niv-⟩ of [[m|la|nix|t=snow]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary traces [[m|la|nix]] to [[itc-pro|*sniks|t=snow]] and [[ine-pro|*snígʷʰs|t=snow]]; the OLD compares [[grc|νίφα|tr=nípha|t=snow]] and [[cy|nyf|t=snow]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) whose verse speaks of purifying the snowy hills on the Alban Mount.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is snowy or wintry, of weather and seasons, as Livy's snowy day and Horace's wintry breezes; transferred, it is icy, as Martial's icy kiss in midwinter.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is consisting of snow, as Horace's Hebrus bound in fetters of snow, and ''aqua nivālis'', snow water.^(OLD 2012) It is also covered with snow, snow-clad, as Pliny the Elder's snowy places, and white as snow, as Virgil's horses of snowy whiteness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of snowy hills.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of snow-white horses.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of wintry breezes.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a snowy day.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial of an icy kiss.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|snowy|alt=Snowy]], wintry; icy cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of snow;^(OLD 2012) ''aqua nivālis'': snow water.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Covered with snow, snow-clad.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # White as snow.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nivātus]]

+ * [[niveus]]

+ * [[nivōsus]]

+ * [[nix]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}