pulmo Latin · revision 34066

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *plu-mon-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpʊɫ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpul.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pulmō''' ''m'' (genitive pulmōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*plu-mōn]], [[inh|ine-pro|*plu-mon-|t=floating one, lung]], as de Vaan tentatively reconstructs it, with the zero grade of the root of the adjective [[ine-pro|*pléu-mōn|t=the floating one]] (lungs float on water) and a metathesis of ⟨plu-⟩ to ⟨pul-⟩;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary likewise has ⟨*plumō⟩ with metathesis.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The TLL also explains it by an ablaut form ⟨*plu-mon-⟩ beside ⟨*pleu-mon-⟩, from which ⟨pulmōn-⟩ could arise by metathesis.^(TLL) The other explanation in the handbooks, de Vaan reports, is a borrowing of [[grc|πλεύμων|tr=pleúmōn|t=lung]] with the same metathesis; against it, a long vowel ⟨*plūmō⟩ would be expected, and words for the lung are seldom borrowed.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|क्लोमन्|tr=klomán-|t=the right lung, (plural) the lungs]], the Greek word, [[lt|plaũčiai|t=lungs]] and [[cu|плюща|tr=pljušta|t=lungs]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose speaker complains in the ''Curculio'' that his kidneys ache, his lungs are torn and his liver is racked.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means the lung, in the singular or plural;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note the plural for the two lobes of the lungs, and the organ was very important in haruspicy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With ''marīnus'' Pliny the Elder uses it of a lung-like sea creature, apparently a kind of jellyfish.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the lungs.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero describes the lungs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the sea creature ''pulmō marīnus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lung]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) (plural) the lungs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (with ''marīnus'') A lung-like sea creature, apparently a kind of [[m|en|jellyfish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pulmonaceus]]

+ * [[pulmōnārius]]

+ * [[pulmōneus]]

+ * [[pulmunculus]]

+ * [[pulmōnālis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}