fibula Latin · revision 34063

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la fīgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfiː.bʊ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfiː.bu.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fībula''' ''f'' (genitive fībulae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The contracted form ''fibla'' occurs later.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fīgō|-bula|t1=to fix, fasten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives it through ⟨*fīwibula⟩ from ⟨*fīu̯e-dhla⟩, built on the old present [[m|la|fīvō]], which keeps the regular outcome of ⟨*gw⟩ between vowels.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) That verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*dheigw-e/o-]] or [[ine-pro|*dhiHgw-e/o-]], and de Vaan compares [[lt|díegti|t=to plant, sting]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who lists six levers and twelve ''fībulae''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first use is mechanical, a bolt, peg or pin holding beams in place.^(OLD 2012) From Varro on it is a pin, clasp or brooch fastening clothing, often ornamental, and also a clasp for the hair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medicine it is a pin drawing together the lips of a wound, which Celsus says the Greeks call ''ankteres'', a pin through the prepuce to prevent intercourse, and an instrument for pricking the skin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also gives a transferred sense, a bond or connection.^(Wiktionary) Contracted ''fibla'' occurs in Apicius and in inscriptions.^(Lewis & Short 1879) English borrowed it in the 1670s for a clasp or brooch.^(Etymonline) Since 1706 it has also named the smaller bone of the lower leg, a Latin rendering of a Greek word for a clasp.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of bolts in a machine.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a clasp.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of surgical pins.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 1670s – English ''fibula'', a clasp or brooch.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1706 – English ''fibula'', the bone of the lower leg.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bolt]], peg or pin holding beams in place.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A pin, [[m|en|clasp]], [[m|en|brooch]], [[m|en|buckle]], often ornamental; a clasp for the hair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A pin for drawing together the edges of a [[m|en|wound]]; a pin through the [[m|en|prepuce]]; an instrument for pricking the skin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A bond, connection.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[confibula]]

+ * [[fībulō]]

+ * [[suffībulum]]

+ * [[fībulātōrius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[figo|alt=fīgō]]

+ * [[en|fibula]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}