saliva Latin · revision 34053

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *slH-V-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [saˈliː.wa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [saˈliː.va]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''salīva''' ''f'' (genitive salīvae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is perhaps [[inh|itc-pro|*sal-īwo-|t=dirty yellow]], [[inh|ine-pro|*slH-V-|t=dirty yellow]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan compares [[ga|sal|t=dirt]], [[cy|halawg|t=dirty]], [[goh|salo|t=dirt]] and [[non|sǫlr|t=dirty yellow]]; if the word is indeed related to the Balto-Slavic and Germanic words for “grey”, it may be built on an older adjective ⟨*saluus⟩, as [[m|la|vocīvus]] beside [[m|la|vacuus]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD likewise compares Old Irish and Gaelic forms.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary calls the origin unknown: perhaps from [[ine-pro|*solH-]], or an expressive formation, compare [[grc|σίαλον|tr=síalon|t=spittle]];^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short also relate it to the Greek word.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) who reports that goat's saliva is said to be poison to crops.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first author is Catullus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is spittle or saliva in the mouth;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that ''sputum'' is rather what has been spat out.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) It is used in the singular and plural, by Catullus, Seneca, Pliny the Elder and Juvenal.^(Lewis & Short 1879) As the sign of pleasant anticipation or greed it is the mouth's watering: Petronius' host says everything that makes the mouth water grows on his estate near the city.^(OLD 2012) Propertius applies it to other similar substances, and to the distinctive flavour of a wine, the Greek taste of Methymnaean wine.^(OLD 2012) English ''saliva'' (early 15th century) came through Old French ''salive'' and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of goat's saliva.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of the flavour of wine.^(OLD 2012)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius of the mouth watering.^(OLD 2012)

+ * early 15th century – English ''saliva''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|saliva|alt=Saliva]], [[m|en|spittle]]; the watering of the mouth from appetite or greed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A similar substance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A distinctive [[m|en|flavour]], especially of wine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sputum]]

+ * [[en|saliva]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}