expergiscor Latin · revision 34041

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h3reǵ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛk.spɛrˈɡiːs.kɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ek.sperˈd͡ʒis.kor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expergīscor''' (present infinitive expergīscī, perfect active experrēctus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ An active form ''expergīscō'' also occurs.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ Plautus has the infinitive ''expergīscier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The etymology is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan favours the view that it is [[af|la|ex-|per-|regō|t3=to direct]], “to move on up, wake up”, since the participle ⟨experrēctus⟩ contains that of the verb and there is a compound [[m|la|pergō|t=to move on]]; he thinks ⟨-īscor⟩ replaced an older ⟨*-ēscor⟩ after the verbs in ⟨-īscō⟩, as [[m|la|expergēfaciō]] suggests.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) That verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*h3reǵ-e/o-|t=to stretch, direct]].^(de Vaan 2008) Others, followed by Klingenschmitt and LIV, derive it from [[ine-pro|*h1ǵr-iske/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*h1ǵer-|t=to wake up]], comparing an Avestan participle meaning “waking up”;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also compares [[grc|ἐγείρω|tr=egeírō|t=to awaken]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Lewis & Short derive it from [[m|la|expergō]], which de Vaan, after Keller, takes for a recent formation grafted on this verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL notes an older participle ⟨-pergitus⟩, and Priscian says the oldest writers still used it.^(TLL) Festus explained ⟨experrēctus⟩ from stretching oneself, as we do fresh from sleep.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) in whose ''Miles Gloriosus'' someone is told to keep watch and wake up, for it is light.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to wake up, to awake from sleep: Cicero writes, if you are asleep, wake up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to rouse or bestir oneself: in Plautus someone had better bestir himself and contrive a trick, Cicero says the nobility awoke and recovered the state by arms, and Sallust asks, why do you not wake up?^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate uses it in Joel.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The participle ''experrēctus'' is used as an adjective, alert, as of bees in Columella.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus has an old infinitive ''expergīscier'', and Pomponius an active form.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it awaken, wake up.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of waking up.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of waking from sleep and of an awakened nobility.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of alert bees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|awake]], [[m|en|wake up]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To rouse or bestir oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[expergefacio|alt=expergēfaciō]]

+ * [[rego|alt=regō]]

+ * [[pergo|alt=pergō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}