quattuordecim Latin · revision 34013

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quattuor, la decem}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kʷat.tuˈɔr.dɛ.kĩː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kʷat.tuˈɔr.de.t͡ʃim]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quattuordecim''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|quattuor|decem|t1=four|t2=ten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains the ending ⟨-decim⟩ of the numbers from eleven to nineteen as ⟨-dec-⟩ from [[m|la|decem]] with ⟨-im⟩ taken from the ordinals in ⟨-decimus⟩, and rejects the usual explanation by a metathesis of the vowels as very unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means fourteen:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar has fourteen years and fourteen miles, and Pliny the Elder fourteen parts.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With ''ōrdinēs'', or alone, it names the fourteen front rows in the theatre reserved for the equestrian order, so that ''in quattuordecim sedēre'', "to sit in the fourteen", means to be a knight.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Cicero uses the phrase in the ''Philippics'', and Asinius Pollio in a letter to him, and it recurs in Seneca, Pliny the Elder, Suetonius and Tacitus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Medieval British writers have the spelling ''quatuordecem''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the fourteen rows of the knights.^(Georges 1913)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of fourteen years and fourteen miles.^(Georges 1913)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of sitting in the fourteen rows.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 1160 – ''quatuordecem'' in a Canterbury document.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|fourteen|alt=Fourteen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(with or without ōrdinēs)'' The fourteen front rows in the theatre reserved for the [[m|en|equestrian]] order; hence the order of [[m|en|knight|alt=knights]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quattuor]]

+ * [[decem]]

+ * [[ūndecim]]

+ * [[quīndecim]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}