map English · revision 3401

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping, borrowing|attested=1527|origins=la mappa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mæp/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|mapemounde|t=map of the world]] in a shortened form,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and partly [[bor|frm|mappe]], shortened from Old French mapemonde,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[la-med|mappa mundi|t=map of the world]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la|mappa|t=napkin, cloth]], on which maps were drawn,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and [[m|la|mundī]], genitive of [[m|la|mundus|t=world]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Quintilian said mappa was of Punic origin,^(Etymonline) and Merriam-Webster relates it to a Hebrew word for a fan.^(MWU 2024)^(Barnhart 1988) The verb is from the noun.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) It is related to [[napkin]] and [[apron]].^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A representation of the earth's surface: 1527,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024) the 1520s in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) Middle English mapemounde is from about 1380, in Chaucer.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 17th century it was common figuratively for “an epitome, a detailed representation of anything”.^(Etymonline) A chart or table is from 1626,^(OED 1989) a map of the heavens a related sense,^(AHD) and a diagram of the distribution of anything from 1833.^(OED 1989) ''On the map'', “prominent, important”, is from 1904.^(OED 1989) The genetic map is from 1915.^(OED 1989) The verb, “to make a map of”, is from 1586 in Barnhart,^(Barnhart 1988) with a figurative use the same year in the OED,^(OED 1989) and ''map out'' figuratively from the 1610s.^(Etymonline) In mathematics a map is a correspondence between sets.^(AHD) An unrelated ''map'' meaning “rabbit” is in the OED from 1416,^(OED 1989) and in Scots ''map'' meant a portrait.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1380 – mapemounde, in Chaucer.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1527 – a map.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1586 – verb.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1610s – ''map out''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1833 – a distribution map.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1904 – ''on the map''.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1915 – a genetic map.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A representation, usually on a flat surface, of an area of the earth or the sky.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A diagram showing the arrangement or distribution of something.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A correspondence between elements of two sets; a [[function]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(genetics)'' A diagram of the order of [[gene|alt=genes]] on a [[chromosome]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make a map of; to [[survey]] an area for a map.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To plan in detail, often with ''out''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To locate a gene on a chromosome.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mappable]]

+ * [[mapper]]

+ * [[maplike]]

+ * [[remap]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[atlas]]

+ * [[cartographer]]

+ * [[cartography]]

+ * [[napkin]]

+ * [[apron]]

+ * [[mundane]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}