prognatus Latin · revision 34008

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=epitaphs of the Scipios|origins=ine-pro *ǵnh₁-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːŋˈnaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proɲˈɲaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōgnātus''' (feminine prōgnāta, neuter prōgnātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|gnātus|t2=born]], with the old form of [[m|la|nātus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) The TLL calls it an old verbal adjective, comparing [[sa|प्रजात|tr=prajāta-|t=born]], that came to serve as the participle of [[m|la|prōgignō|t=to beget]].^(TLL) The participle goes back to [[itc-pro|*gnāto-|t=born; son]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵnh₁-to-|t=born]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in verse in the epitaphs of the Scipios, where Scipio Barbatus is called ''Gnaivōd patre prōgnātus'', "born of his father Gnaeus".^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means born or descended from someone, of children and of more remote descendants.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The TLL counts it some fourteen times in Plautus but rarely elsewhere: in Naevius, Ennius, Terence, Catullus, Horace's satires and Commodian, and in prose only in a few places, from the ''Lex Antonia de Termessibus'' on, in Caelius, Livy and others.^(TLL) It seems to have belonged to a raised style, as its use in jokes also suggests.^(TLL) Naevius has a king born of Dryas and Apollo born of Jupiter, Plautus the son of Thetis, Terence a woman of good family, and Livy calls Romulus a god born of a god.^(TLL) It is also spelled ''prōnātus''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of a king and of Apollo.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, who uses it most often.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(TLL)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of Romulus.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|born|alt=Born]], [[m|en|descended]], sprung (from parents or ancestors).^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nāscor]]

+ * [[nātus]]

+ * [[prōgignō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}