maculosus Latin · revision 33995

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la macula}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ma.kʊˈɫoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ma.kuˈlɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''maculōsus''' (feminine maculōsa, neuter maculōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|macula|-ōsus|t1=spot, stain]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan tentatively traces the noun to [[itc-pro|*smatlo-]] and [[ine-pro|*smh₁-tlo-|t=wiping]], comparing [[grc|σμάω|tr=smáō|t=to wipe clean]], but finds the sense "smearing" for a stain possible rather than compelling.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in whose ''Bacchides'' a hide would become as spotted as a nurse's cloak.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means covered with stains or blotches:^(OLD 2012) Cicero mentions clothes of Pompey's that were few and stained, and Ovid sand spotted with blood.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of animals it means spotted or striped, as Virgil's spotted lynx hide, and Pliny the Elder uses it of veined marble and of the spotted moon.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Petronius applies it to a style full of highly coloured phrases.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is stained with disgrace: Cicero writes of disreputable senators, Tacitus of a man foul and stained with greed and lust, and Horace of an abominable crime.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten glosses it "spotted".^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a spotted hide.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of stained clothes and disreputable senators.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a spotted lynx hide.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius of a florid style.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of a man stained with vice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Covered with stains or blotches; [[m|en|stained]], blotted.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|spotted|alt=Spotted]], speckled, striped, [[m|en|mottled]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) (of minerals) veined.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of style) Full of highly coloured phrases.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Stained with disgrace, disreputable, [[m|en|foul]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[macula]]

+ * [[maculō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}