iuvenilis Latin · revision 33980

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la iuvenis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [jʊ.wɛˈniː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ju.veˈniː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iuvenīlis''' (neuter iuvenīle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written ''iuenīlis'' in a manuscript of Tacitus.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iuvenis|-īlis|t1=young; young man]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary traces [[m|la|iuvenis]] to [[itc-pro|*juwō]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂yéwHō]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Cicero on,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who speaks in the ''Brutus'' of a certain youthful freedom and licence in speaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL thinks it rather a prose word.^(TLL) It means belonging to a young man or woman, as in Seneca's ''Thyestes'',^(OLD 2012) and typical of youth, youthful: Cicero has a youthful exuberance of style, and Virgil a youthful body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means having the vigour of youth: Ovid's Silenus is always more youthful than his years.^(OLD 2012) Statius uses it of something violent, of an illness that struck suddenly, as Greek uses its word for "youthful".^(OLD 2012) The comparative occurs, the superlative not.^(TLL) In Church Latin it means young, youthful, suitable for youth.^(Stelten 1995) English borrowed it in the 1620s as [[m|en|juvenile]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of youthful licence in speaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a youthful body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of the ever-youthful Silenus.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of a violent illness.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 1620s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|juvenile]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a young person; [[m|en|youthful]], [[m|en|juvenile]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Having the freshness or vigour of youth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Violent, vehement.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iuvenis]]

+ * [[iuvenālis]]

+ * [[iuventa]]

+ * [[en|juvenile]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}