proiectus Latin · revision 33970

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *(H)ieh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōiectus''' (feminine prōiecta, neuter prōiectum; comparative prōiectior, superlative prōiectissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle [[der|la|prōiciō|t=to throw forward]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|prō-]] and [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*jak-i-]] and to [[ine-pro|*(H)ieh₁-|t=to throw, let go]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates the adjective from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in ''De domo sua'' speaks of a man's intolerable audacity with a headlong and unbridled greed.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is jutting out, projecting: Virgil has the projecting rocks of Pachynus.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it means rushing headlong, especially into vice, as in Cicero's phrase.^(OLD 2012) From "thrown down" it also came to mean abject and grovelling: Seneca writes of a humble and abject mind.^(OLD 2012) With regard to reputation it means of no account, despised: the elder Seneca has a rhetorician of no mean name.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of headlong greed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of projecting rocks.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of an abject mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|prominent|alt=Prominent]], projecting, jutting out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Rushing headlong, [[m|en|precipitate]] (especially into vice).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of character)'' [[m|en|abject|alt=Abject]], grovelling;^(OLD 2012) ''(of reputation)'' despised, of no esteem.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōiciō]]

+ * [[iaciō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate fourth-declension noun ''prōiectus'', found only in the ablative singular, means a jutting out or projection: Lucretius uses it of the huge spread of Tityos' body, and Pliny the Elder of the spread of foliage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}