iuvenalis Latin · revision 33965

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *h₂iu-h₁en-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iuvenālis''' (neuter iuvenāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iuvenis|-ālis|t1=young; young man]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The TLL compares the formation of [[m|la|virginālis]].^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iuvenis]] to [[itc-pro|*juwen-|t=young]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂iu-h₁en-|t=who possesses vital force]], with cognates such as [[sa|युवन्|tr=yúvan-|t=young]] and [[lt|jáunas|t=young]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who has a speaker in the ''Aeneid'' tell the onlookers to learn what strength he once had in his youthful body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means of or worthy of a young man or woman: Virgil uses it of youthful strength, arms and love,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid of persons in their prime and of a statue of a young man.^(OLD 2012) It also describes what is characteristic of the young, and of age it means young, not advanced, as Ovid's young years.^(OLD 2012) The ''lūdī iuvenālēs'' were games in which young men performed, especially those Nero introduced: Tacitus says Nero had sung at home at these games before.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein distinguishes it from [[iuvenīlis]]: ''iuvenālis'' is youthful in a neutral sense or in praise, as opposed to the weakness of old age, while ''iuvenīlis'' leans towards the faults of youth.^(Döderlein 1874) Manuscripts often confuse the two.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of youthful strength and love.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of the young years.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of Nero's youth games.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or worthy of a young person, [[m|en|youthful]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(of persons)'' in one's youth or prime;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(of art)'' representing a young person.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Characteristic of or practised by young men;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''lūdī iuvenālēs'', games in which young men performed, especially those instituted by [[m|en|Nero]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(of age)'' Young, not advanced; belonging to one's youth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iuvenis]]

+ * [[iuvenīlis]]

+ * [[iuventūs]]

+ * [[iuventa]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ As a Roman cognomen ''Iuvenālis'' is best known as the name of the satirist Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis, [[m|en|Juvenal]], whom Martial names.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}