luxurio Latin · revision 33957

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *lug-so-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫuːkˈsʊ.ri.oː], [ɫʊkˈsʊ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [lukˈsuː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lū̆xuriō''' (present infinitive lū̆xuriāre, perfect active lū̆xuriāvī, supine lū̆xuriātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ There is also a deponent ''luxurior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|luxuria|-ō|t1=luxuriance, excess]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks [[m|la|luxuria]] is based on an adjective ⟨*luxuros⟩ and belongs with [[m|la|luxus|t=excess]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*lukso-]] and [[ine-pro|*lug-so-|t=bent]]: from "bent" came both "sprained" and "lack of restraint".^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are Virgil's ''Georgics'', of a horse's spirited chest swelling with muscles, and the ''Aeneid'', of a horse frisking with neck held high.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to grow rank or luxuriant: Ovid has a field that grew rank with constant water, and Columella speaks of keeping the tips of shoots from running wild.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of the body it means to fill out or swell,^(OLD 2012) and of animals to frisk or gambol.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to revel immoderately in success: Livy says that a once vigorous mind can grow wanton with too much glory and fade away.^(OLD 2012) It also means to live in luxury, as in Pliny the Elder's remark on a state already growing luxurious.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is absent from Cicero and Caesar, and Quintilian mentions the deponent ''luxurior''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Late manuscripts often spell it ''luxor-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of horses swelling and frisking.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a mind grown wanton with glory.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a field growing rank.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of a state grown luxurious.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(of plants)'' To grow rank, be [[m|en|luxuriant]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(of the body)'' to fill out, swell.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of animals)'' To frisk, [[m|en|gambol]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To revel immoderately, run riot; to live in [[m|en|luxury]], indulge oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lū̆xuria]]

+ * [[lū̆xuriōsus]]

+ * [[lū̆xus]]

+ * [[en|luxuriate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}