incingo Latin · revision 33953

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la cingō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃiŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incingō''' (present infinitive incingere, perfect active incinxī, supine incinctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|cingō|t2=to gird, surround]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan calls the etymology of [[m|la|cingō]] uncertain: of the cognates proposed, [[lt|kinkýti|t=to bridle horses]] fits the meaning, but its root shape cannot be Proto-Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL reads it from Ennius and Livy on, and finds it a favourite of Ovid and Mela.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to gird or wrap round, mostly reflexive or passive: Catullus has some girding themselves with twisted snakes, and Ovid has altars wreathed with sacred boughs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means to surround or encompass, as cities with towered walls in Ovid,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and of natural barriers to enclose: the poem ''Aetna'' has the earth enclosed by the curving waves of the farthest sea.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan, not used by Cicero in prose, and frequent in the perfect participle.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It survives in [[fr|enceindre]] and [[pt|incingir]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, its first use according to the TLL.^(TLL)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy.^(TLL)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of Bacchants girt with snakes.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of altars and of towered walls.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|gird]], wrap round (with clothes, garlands or the like).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To surround, [[m|en|encompass]] (with walls); ''(of natural barriers)'' to enclose.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incingulum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cingō]]

+ * [[succingō]]

+ * [[praecingō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}