antenna Latin · revision 33937

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [anˈtɛn.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [anˈtɛn.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''antenna''' ''f'' (genitive antennae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The OLD and Lewis & Short give the form ''antemna'' as well.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary suggests a Proto-Italic ⟨*antitempnā⟩, from [[ine-pro|*temp-|t=to stretch, extend]],^(Wiktionary) and Etymonline mentions the same root as a possibility.^(Etymonline) Lewis & Short report Döderlein's comparison with [[grc|ἀνατείνω|tr=anateínō|t=to stretch up]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Plautus' ''Trinummus'', where storms set out to break the mast, bring down the yards and tear the sails.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the yard of a sailing ship, the spar from which the sail hangs, and in poetry the sail itself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it, and Caesar describes the ropes that tied the yards to the masts.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy has masts and yards thrown across from ship to ship, Horace yards that groan in a storm, and Ovid a lowered yard escaping the winter gales.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives also the crossbeam of the cross for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995) In New Latin it was used of the feelers of insects:^(Wiktionary) Etymonline says that this use, which reached English in the 1640s, renders Aristotle's Greek word for the horns of insects.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of storms breaking the yards.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the ropes tying yards to masts.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of groaning yards.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 1640s – [[m|en|antenna]] appears in English for an insect's feeler.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|yard]] of a sailing ship, sailyard;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(poetic)'' a [[m|en|sail]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The crossbeam of the [[m|en|cross]].^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' An [[m|en|antenna]] or feeler of an insect.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[antemna]]

+ * [[mālus]]

+ * [[vēlum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}